The national transfer accounts (NTA) represent a methodology of intergenerational economics that allows for a robust approach to estimating the economic impacts of demographic change. Based on the NTA, it is possible to calculate the extent and magnitude of the demographic dividend in its different expressions, as well as the expenditures associated with aging, based on the economic life cycle and the economic support ratio, providing key background information and projections, both for preparing for the economic challenges arising from aging, and for harnessing the dividend in different social sectors (labor, education, health, pensions, etc.) and among different economic agents.