(18 October, 2013) After a decade of relatively strong growth, Latin America is facing headwinds associated with declining trade, a moderation in commodity prices and increasing uncertainty over external financial conditions.
The document Latin American Economic Outlook 2014: Logistics and competitiveness for development, jointly produced by the OECD Development Centre, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and CAF - Development Bank of Latin America, was released during the XXIII Ibero-American summit in Panama City. Weak economic performance in the euro area, the slowdown in some emerging economies and uncertainty over U.S. monetary and fiscal policy are also weighing on Latin America's weaker outlook.
"Latin America can still achieve sustainable and inclusive growth, but the window is narrowing," said OECD Secretary General, Ángel Gurría.
"To meet the new challenges and opportunities posed by an increasingly interconnected global economy, countries across the region need to boost
competitiveness, through economic diversification, improved logistics performance and a move up the value chain towards higher value-added
activities," said.
Alicia Bárcena, ECLAC Executive Secretary, said that "it is necessary to adopt reforms to enhance productivity and reinforce the capacity of governments to respond to the demands of an ‘emerging middle class,' while redoubling their efforts to reduce the levels of poverty and inequality."
The Latin American Economic Outlook says technological innovation and economic diversification will be key to boosting productivity and potential growth, which remain low when compared to other regions. Latin America's contribution to global GDP growth has remained virtually unchanged (i.e., between 7% and 9%) since the early-1990s, while that of emerging Asia has more than doubled in the same period.
Many Latin America economies remain heavily focused on natural resources - commodities make up 60% of the region's goods exports, up from 40% at the beginning to the last decade.
The report presented today encourages countries to use their natural wealth as a foundation for transitioning to production processes that use
technology and knowledge. It also advocates that Latin American economies diversify exports, particularly toward the services sector, which
offers greater opportunities over the medium and long-term future. Deepening the regional market would offer additional room for the services sector to grow and diversification to flourish.
"Further investment in transport infrastructure, and better logistics performance in general, is needed", said Enrique García, President and Chief
Executive Officer of CAF.
"Latin America's production structure is more sensitive to logistics than that of the OECD countries. The share of time-sensitive exports in Latin America is three times that of the OECD countries, which underlines the importance of improving logistics to strengthen overall economic performance", added.
Transport infrastructure remains deficient, with an urgent need for investment in roads, railways, ports and airports. Investing 5.2% of regional
GDP per year in infrastructure projects would help Latin America close the infrastructure gap with other emerging regions and could increase GDP growth by an estimated 2 percentage points per year.
Much can also be done in the short term to improve the transport of goods and services using existing infrastructure, through integrated logistics policies, modern storage facilities, efficient customs and certification procedures, and promoting competition in transport.
For further information, contact ECLAC Public Information and Web Services Section.
E-mail: prensa@cepal.org; Telephone: (56 2) 2210 2040.
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OECD Development Centre
E-mail: Bochra.Kriout@oecd.org, Telephone: (33 0) 6 26 74 04 03
CAF
E-mail: sluengo@caf.com, Telephone: (58 2) 12 2092353